polyalphaolefin compatibility chart

Por equipe MyChat, 19 de abril de 2023

The latest news, content and events about our company, initiatives, markets and products. This lowers their volatility, creates less hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions and raises the flash point. 0000004340 00000 n xb```f``5``c`X% @kVTW(4n5@,6$ ^09z| R/'T4D:/Iih2f/W8 CV@Vb n m[ iF ^` -2 Compatibility for Base Oil Families Soluble in large fraction Weakly soluble Insoluble Varies with grade Solvent Compatibility for Base Oil Families Note 1: For cross reference to trade names, consult Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, '97, McGraw-Hill Company, New York, 1997. Give us a call to discuss how Synfluid PAOs can withstand the pressure in your hydraulic applications. Chemical Compatibility Guide The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. endobj If pour point is not a critical property in your application, then blending a PAO 5 and PAO 7 might give you that clear advantage that you are looking for. Jun 09, 2022. polyalphaolefin compatibility chart . 0000034419 00000 n The effects of the shear rate differences are even more exaggerated at low-temperature startup conditions, when the lubricant function is critical for equipment protection. The relative availability of olefin monomer was certainly a consideration (i.e., 1-octene vs. 1-decene). In addition to the low temperature performance demonstrated by CCS, the volatility and viscosity index of the PAO 5 and 7 blend are improved over traditional PAO 6. For other applications, PAOs safe and non-toxic nature allows it to be used where incidental food contact certification or kosher approval is necessary. Bk.2z3)))lBShBSX!D !DOaBBB*=]!z Therefore, at high temperatures, it is advantageous to utilize a more stable base oil, specifically Synfluid PAO. From then on, the company introduced 1-dodecene-based PAOs in 1995, which have grown steadily in popularity. So yes, PAOs can provide flexibility in your food-grade base oil selection, depending upon your performance requirements. 0000017423 00000 n Flash Point (F) SpectraSyn Plus 3.6. %%EOF PAOs help to balance the protection and energy conservation requirements in equipment because they are more Newtonian than mineral oils. Because of their controlled structure, PAOs do not contain lighter, more volatile (small) hydrocarbons. The chart compares two different formulations, one with PAO and another with Group III mineral oils The End of Test viscosity increase left very little room for error in the Group III formulation. Business never stands still, but you can always count on dependable Chevron Phillips Chemical Synfluid PAOs. 232 0 obj The difference in the CCS viscosity at -35C is 15 percent, which is substantial. 0000007470 00000 n PAG-based lubricants are polar (water-soluble PAG > water-insoluble PAG > oil-soluble PAG), where PAO-based lubricants are essentially non-polar. However, these products have demonstrated unique advantages in Sequence IIIF, VW T4 and TDI tests due to many of the other properties that are inherent in them. Initially, it was intended to fill the gap in supply and was found to be exceptionally suitable for applications where extremely low pour points were not necessary. This is just one of the many performance advantages of Synfluid mPAO. PAG lubricant basestocks can be designed to be water-soluble, water-insoluble (partial mineral oil compatibility), or oil-soluble, depending on the selection of starter molecules and monomers to be used in producing the polymer. proof:pdf Satisfactory to 72 F. 3. Adobe InDesign CS6 (Macintosh) Synfluid PAOs have very narrow molecular weight ranges, which are attributed to our high-purity feedstocks. As the viscosity grade decreases, the volatility and high-temperature/high-shear viscosity will be limiting factors. We look forward to helping you consolidate your grease cabinet! Sorry, we couldn't find anything that matched your search, PAO-based lubricants generally resist creep and water washout and offer good lubricity across a variety of substrate material pairings, including metal-to-metal and metal-to-plastic. A relatively simple test, the criteria of the test varies depending on which grease manufacturer you are dealing with. Now that fuel economy is more important than ever, even a one percent improvement can make a significant difference on overall costs. LDPE is defined by a density range of 0.910-0.940 g/cm3. June 16, 2022; Posted by usa volleyball national qualifiers 2022; 16 . Chemical kinetics tell us that if you reduce the temperature, you will reduce the reaction rate. Understanding this advantage is important for optimizing the performance of todays fluids and improving the life of equipment. mary berry grandchildren names . (2;2222;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;@@@@@;@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ " B <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 163 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> 56 0 obj<>stream These synthetic hydrocarbons are designed to provide superior lubrication performance over a wider operating-temperature range than petroleum oils and typically are less volatile. We are first in your inbox with the most important news in the industry―keeping you smarter and one-step ahead in this ever-changing and competitive market. The more EO monomer in the basestock, the more water-soluble; the more PO monomer, the more water-insoluble; and the more BO monomer, the more oil-soluble the basestock is. cally stable, have good compatibility with mineral oils and can be combined with other more polar synthetic basestocks (e.g. Air is usually a really poor lubricant, so your frustration is understandable! Typically, as the viscosity drops, the volatility increases. Aluminum is compatible with fluids such as polyalphaolefin (PAO), oil, ethylene glycol and water solutions (EGW), as well as Fluorinert, an electrically insulating inert perfluorocarbon fluid manufactured by 3M and used in many electronics cooling applications. 0000010736 00000 n Because PAOs have a diverse, highly branched isoparaffin structure, they provide excellent low-temperature viscometrics and very low pour points (ppt) without adding PPDs. Synfluid PAOs are crafted from an on-purpose process that yields a consistent, high-quality product. In addition to these properties, weve also seen a significant reduction in the traction coefficient as compared to conventional high-viscosity PAOs. All rights reserved. Not Available - Chemical compatibility information is not available at this time. Softening, loss of strength, or swelling may occur. 184 0 obj Due to this incompatibility with many but not all PAG lubricants, system change-outs from mineral oil to PAG-based lubricants may be costlier and take additional time. PAG-based lubricants have excellent viscosity indices significantly better than PAO-based lubricants of the same viscosity grade. Rotary screw compressor oils formulated with PAO offer performance benefits not obtainable with a mineral-oil-based formulation. Nine standard circulating fluids including d-Limonene, FC77 Flourinert, Galden, Lexol 408, Paratherm CR, Coolanol and PAO. 0000080859 00000 n endobj %PDF-1.4 % 0000001332 00000 n endobj endobj application/pdf Polyglycols-40 to 125 C The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. This is a recurring situation and is what led to the development of 1-dodecene based Synfluid PAOs in 1995. Address new equipment conditions (higher operating temperature and pressure, greater loads and speed). In our experience, some commercially available additive packages are designed to take better advantage of a specific base stock. The tests used below were the Cold Cranking Simulator for high shear (about 10-1 sec-1) and Brookfield viscosity for low shear (about 2 sec-1) each measured at -20C. Aviation hydraulics require the use of PAOs because of the inherently high flash/fire points and low volatility. 0 You see, the jump hurts the pump.. California Transparency in Supply Chains Act Disclosure. However, VI doesnt tell the whole story it only reflects the viscosity/temperature relationship between 40C and 100C. startxref 0000027693 00000 n polyalphaolefin compatibility chart. Other base oil properties need to be considered. The 2002 U.S. Farm Bill Act mandates government agencies to purchase environmentally safe, biobased (vegetable oil) lubricants. Fluid distribution panels are also discussed. Chemical Compatibility Guide; what chemicals to use; guide for chemical uses; general guideline for pump material selection; material chemical compatibility The remaining synthetic lubricants are produced from other basestocks, including phosphate esters, polybutenes, silicones, perfluoroalkyl, and polyphenyl ethers. The first step is the synthesis of oligomers (polymers with few repeating monomer units) from the linear alpha-olefin. These advantages are achieved without the need for VI improvers or other additives, which may promote other deleterious effects as they degrade. 1 - High Resistance 2 - Limited Resistance 3 - No Resistance . 0000161810 00000 n 0000052609 00000 n 0000055257 00000 n The chart below shows an example of an engine oil formulation with two different quality PAOs. Sustained operations at elevated temperatures increase the rate of oxidation and other degradation reactions. Polyalphaolefin is by far the most common major synthetic base oil used in industrial and automotive lubricants. The chart below shows the effect of two different shear rate viscosity determinations on three different fluids (4 cSt at 100C) and the dramatic differences between them. 0000032842 00000 n For instance, boosting the additive package with an additional 0.4% aminic antioxidant, in combination with the Synfluid PAO base oil, achieved a 35 percent improvement in HPDSC results. 0000036005 00000 n 0000000891 00000 n Youre not kidding! from application/x-indesign to application/pdf We were the first to offer these materials to the marketplace, and many years of experience with 1-dodecene-based PAOs has helped us to refine the process and deliver very high-quality products. Fluids are typically subjected to various shear and temperature conditions. To improve fuel economy, OEMs are moving toward lower-viscosity oils, even in heavy-duty diesel engines. hb```f``g mBU L4#o0 D They may also be used to develop high-performance, environmentally friendly lubricants. 0000012483 00000 n Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is manufactured through a synthetic chemical process that originates from ethylene. Chemical Compatibility Guide PAG- and PAO-based lubricants rarely compete in industrial applications. 2013-07-10T14:05:23-05:00 The plot below shows a comparison of the air release times exhibited by ISO VG 320 blends composed of our Synfluid mPAOs, and traditional HV PAOs with PAO 8 cSt. These include PAOs and also relatively common polyisobutenes (PIB), which are sometimes used as oil additives or as base oils in two-stroke engines. Meet additional regulations (fire-resistance, environmental acceptability). Eight standard model Portable Liquid Chillers and ten standard model PAO Carts. More importantly, however, was product performance. In contrast, a mineral oil will require various antioxidants depending upon the structural makeup. These are areas where PAOs excel. In the past three years, European specifications for volatility and oxidative stability have become significantly more stringent. This resistance to fire and flame propagation improves the margin of safety in the event of a hydraulic leak. <> The chart below shows pressure coefficient comparisons between PAOs and Group III mineral oils versus pressure: Gear systems are specially designed and require highly specialized lubricants. The relationship between antioxidants (A.O.) We believe that it is possible to achieve a passing mark with even lower amounts of PAO, further reducing costs. <> These include the tendency to shrink seals and trouble dissolving common oil additives. Whichever low-viscosity base oil is used, it must exhibit viscosity stability and low volatility. We make the petrochemical solutions found in products of all kinds with purpose, collaboration and care. The limits on lowering the viscosity grade are tied to the base oil properties. The chart below shows how Synfluid PAOs can help meet these challenges with the excellent volatility properties of our PAO 5, 7 and 9 cSt grades. If a polyurea-based thickener is chosen in conjunction with a synthetic base oil, such as a polyalphaolefin (PAO), there is no compatibility risk to be expected. endobj 0000021835 00000 n Therefore, they are commonly blended or combined with organic ester synthetic base oils to provide a blended base oil that does not have these negative characteristics. Regarding the A.O. xref 9 0 obj <>stream hence, compatibility with base-oil molecules like PAO oil is improved. 0000139372 00000 n To mitigate this effect, We recommend taking a look at Synfluid PAO 5 and PAO 7, due to their excellent Noack volatilities of 5.5% and 2.3%, respectively. 0000004079 00000 n Were a company with deep-rooted values, and were looking for people like you to join our team. Furthermore, we are able to achieve these properties with non-decene alpha olefin feedstocks while providing advantages over existing products and extending feedstock supply. The chart below shows the Noack volatility for both 1-decene and 1-dodecene based PAOs of varying viscosities. endstream endobj 12 0 obj<>/Metadata 9 0 R/AcroForm 13 0 R/Pages 7 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 13 0 obj<>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 14 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>>>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 15 0 obj[/ICCBased 38 0 R] endobj 16 0 obj<>stream When you compound this with difficult operating conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high loads or extended operations, a high-quality base oil may be necessary. The Ethylene price in the Europe region was dull throughout the third quarter of 2022, which abetted the declining price trend of PAO throughout Q3 in Europe. Metallocene-catalyzed commercial mPAO basestock grades can attain a viscosity of 300 cSt at 100C. Two lubricants with the same VI may perform dramatically differently at low temperatures. 0000035336 00000 n PAOs are the most common synthetic basestock used in industrial and automotive lubricants. The use of mineral oil-based lubricants in the world, however, is decreasing. Ethylene is produced by cracking either crude oil or natural gas. <>stream This Chemical Compatibility Chart is a shorthand tool for describing the suitability of miniature fluidic and pneumatic component materials for use in contact with various chemicals. The lower volatility of Synfluid PAOs 5, 7 and 9 enhances the benefits for the highest quality lubricant. With the powerful combination of MOLYKOTE Specialty Lubricants and DuPont Polymers, our understanding of grease-polymer compatibility allows our customers the unique ability to select products faster and move through validations with confidence. The superior benefits of PAOs enable formulators to meet these challenges. 0000002388 00000 n 2014-03-26T09:16:41-05:00 Our C10-based products, commercialized in the 1970s, were the first in the market. 0000004968 00000 n End-users must first select a lubricant based upon its intended application, such as engine oil, transmission oil, hydraulic oil, wire rope lubricant, electric motor grease, etc. 273 0 obj <> endobj xref 273 24 0000000016 00000 n Furthermore, PAOs are H-1 approved for incidental food contact and have good organoleptic properties, which broaden the range of end-use applications for metals. 10.1 Introduction. Whether its transportation or industrial lubes, greater fuel efficiency means lower operating costs. During 2011, Chevron Phillips Chemical acquired PAO assets in Beringen, Belgium, and began mPAO production in Texas. 178 0 obj These oligomers are distilled and hydrogenated to yield specific molecular weight ranges that meet the viscosity grades that are desired. hb```b``nd`c``. Getting the air to release from the lubricant is vital to allowing the lubricant to do its job. @0NI$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$'I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$L$I$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$IJI$RI$I%)ekvEJX'I$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJL'I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI2tI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RID4>))I$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I*4V~u. Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. Polyalphaolefins offer great high temperature properties and low volatility. In terms of viscosity, there are tradeoffs in choosing one PAO over another: energy consumption (heat dissipation and production throughput) versus safety of operations (impacted by flash/fire points and volatility). Leaking fluids from equipment used in sensitive geographical areas can have long-term negative consequences on the environment. 0000003482 00000 n Finally, due to their excellent response to antioxidants, Spectra-Syn Plus PAO can be formulated to resist thermal oxidative attack. 4 Chemicals PVC CPVC PP PVDF ABS. Better heat transfer coefficients, increased lubricity and the basic chemical structure of PAOs all contribute to the lower temperature in the gearbox. Conversely, if you reduce the temperature, the reaction rate decreases and the oil lasts longer, providing better protection. and PAO plays an integral part of meeting the challenge for top-tier oils. Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1 <<264FCCC095A7AD46A42A03D56AD5B96C>]>> Heavier components adversely affect low-temperature performance and pour point. But what happens below 40C? There are several systems where we have observed a reduction in the operating temperature compared to mineral oils, including transmissions, engines and heat transfer applications. Since they are fully synthetic, Synfluid PAOs are extremely pure and provide inherent benefits in oxidative stability and viscosity performance at temperature extremes. endobj Great question! <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 162 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> This is especially true when you consider the entire operating temperature range including startup. Some properties such as Viscosity Index (VI) or C viscosity can approach those of PAOs. While typical hydraulic oils are not biodegradable, this new system achieves the ultimate biodegradation rating (ASTM D5864 PW1) and even improves several performance parameters, not previously attainable. Cant find what youre looking for? With many new base oils being introduced to the market, lubricant consistency can really be a challenge. 0000010623 00000 n Because of this extensive chemical compatibility, which spans considerable concentration and temperature ranges, . Give us a call, and well be glad to discuss your applications and provide technical help. The rotary bomb bench test is a strong predictor of how base oils will perform in many automotive and industrial applications. Polyalphaolefin does not contain ring structures, double bonds, sulphur, nitrogen components or waxy hydrocarbons. These 1-dodecene-based products (Synfluid 2.5, 5, 7 and 9cSt PAOs) are now recognized to have superior performance in their own applications. PAOs on the other hand are derived from a clearly defined processing technology using petrochemically pure alpha olefins. For example, one would not be able to make an 0W-20 oil with a C12-derived PAO as the viscosities are too high. 0000034289 00000 n The VI of Synfluid mPAO 40 and 100 cSt is 170 and 194, respectively. Adobe InDesign CS6 (Macintosh) Use of WGHFs increased tremendously due to the publication of the Luxembourg Report in 1961, outlining minimum standards for hydraulic fluid fire-resistance in European coal mines. We believe it can be understood by looking at the thermal conductivity and specific heat of the base oils. Several synthetic base oil types fall into the SHC category. Synfluid PAO improves finished lubricant performance when formulated into biodegradable and biobased lubricants in low-temperature viscometrics and oxidative stability. Polyalphaolefin is by far the most common major synthetic base oil used in industrial and automotive lubricants. Synthetic lubricants can be very different chemically and what defines those differences are the basestocks used as the basis for the lubricant. 0000013783 00000 n More uniform in structure than conventional PAO basestocks, they provide similar advantages of high viscosity indices, excellent low-temperature fluidity, and shear stability but with additional thickening ability. 165 0 obj The magnitude of these benefits will depend on the particular formulation. They may also be used in applications and areas that may result in incidental food contact or on equipment where there is a potential exposure of the lubricated part to food, such as on food processing equipment as a protective anti-rust film. 0 0000034554 00000 n As an example of the improved low-temperature torque properties of the PAO-based grease, the chart below shows torque values for Chemtools CSC 980 grease under ASTM D 4693 test conditions for rotation of a wheel-bearing assembly at -40C. To improve seal compatibility of PAO-based lubricants, an ester is added to the formulation to add some polarity. 0000036915 00000 n Synfluid PAOs are designed to provide stable viscosities at low temperature and excellent viscometrics and deliver oxidative stability. Since we use essentially pure 1-decene or 1-dodecene to produce Synfluid PAOs, there is a narrow isomeric distribution for each oligomer. The differences in flash, fire, volatility and viscosity highlight the flexibility benefits of using a Synfluid PAO. What is most interesting, however, is the low-temperature performance: The C10-based PAO 6 has the lowest pour point by over 20C, but the CCS viscosity for the C12-based PAO 5 and 7 blend is better. 2 shows the flow chart for producing Cu nanolubricants. general guideline for pump material selection Using the same PAO, we achieved 15 percent higher oxidative stability by increasing the A.O. Unlike other industrial basestocks, PAOs are generally classified by their kinematic viscosity at 100C. This is a far greater benefit than can be achieved from other base oils. <]/Prev 170099>> These products are acceptable for use as a lubricant (H1) or as a lubricant component (HX-1), with incidental food contact in and around food processing areas. Increased Recreational Boating Activities to Fuel Marine Lubricants Demand in the U.S. Biosynthetic Technologies Announces The Launch Of A New Line Of Oleo Derived Additives For Metalworking Fluid Applications, Fluitec Becomes World's First Industrial Lubricant Company to Achieve B Corp Certification, Unboxing: Mystik JT-9 LeakShield AW Hydraulic Oil, FS9V4 Particle Pal Plus w/ Atten2 Particle Counting & ID Technology, Shell Turbine Oil with Gas To Liquid Technology (Turbo S4 X & GX), Why machines fail and what you can do to prevent it, Developed in the 1930s; first commercial engine oils in 1970s, Made from ethylene gas; still crude oil/natural gas dependent, Higher temperature resistance than mineral oil, PAO up to approximately 160C (320F) continuous service; 270C (520F) intermittent, No wax content, therefore best low temperature of all synthetics (approximately minus 50C to minus 60C or minus 70F), Higher VI (approximately 130 to 140) than mineral oil (nearly 100), Less volatile than mineral oil (higher flash point, less flammable, lower hydrocarbon emissions), Polyalphaolefin base oil not necessarily less wear than mineral base oil (additive-dependent property), Problems very non-polar (low natural solvency, additive solubility, lower lubricity and, Must blend in 5 to 20 percent ester base oil for seal swell, additive solubility and lubricity, Costs four times more than mineral oil, less than other synthetics. The price of Polyalphaolefin (PAO) has been steadily decreasing throughout the third quarter of 2022 on the back of the poor performance of the downstream automotive sector in the continent. PAOs derived from 1-dodecene can improve many properties, including volatility. Were a company with deep-rooted values, and were looking for people like you to join our team. Recent advancements in additive technology and synthetic base fluid manufacturing are pushing the performance edges that make current lubricant offerings better than ever. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 164 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> polyalphaolefin compatibility chart Posted by . PAO- and PAG-based lubricants are both hydrolytically stable and have low pour points. The viscosity at an extreme pressure (hp) changes exponentially with pressure (P) as described in the following formula: a is the pressure coefficient for a base oil.

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