rate of infection synonym

Por equipe MyChat, 19 de abril de 2023

[1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. hyperendemic the constant presence at high incidence and prevalence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. A confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred. study, prospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred. statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. census the enumeration of an entire population, usually including details on residence, age, sex, occupation, racial/ethnic group, marital status, birth history, and relationship to the head of household. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. Clumping is increased by the presence of acute-phase proteins released during inflammation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. is directly proportional to infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. This supplement is also designed to provide bladder control support to individuals tired of visiting the bathroom ten times a day. Emma Thorne Drugs used to target HER2-positive invasive breast cancer may also be successful in treating women in the first stages of the disease, researchers at The University of attribute a risk factor that is an intrinsic characteristic of the individual person, animal, plant, or other type of organism under study (e.g., genetic susceptibility, age, sex, breed, weight). ( ( , , . mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). 10 Infection rate Synonyms. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. symptom any indication of disease noticed or felt by a patient. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. Quel est le taux pour changer des en ? It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. numerator the upper portion of a fraction (see also denominator). point-source outbreak see outbreak, point-source. There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. case definition a set of uniformly applied criteria for determining whether a person should be identified as having a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. rates of hiv aids. dependent variable see variable, dependent. The key differences between two common pathogens. phrases. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The speed or frequency of occurrence of an event, usually expressed with respect to time or some other known standard. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus, English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus, Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus. URI: abbreviation for upper respiratory infection. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . variance a measure of the spread in a set of observations, calculated as the sum of the squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of observations minus 1 (see also standard deviation). latency period the time from exposure to a causal agent to onset of symptoms of a (usually noninfectious) disease (see also incubation period). portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. infant mortality rate see mortality rate, infant. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. mortality rate, age-specific a mortality rate limited to a particular age group, calculated as the number of deaths among the age group divided by the number of persons in that age group, usually expressed per 100,000. mortality rate, cause-specific the mortality rate from a specified cause, calculated as the number of deaths attributed to a specific cause during a specified time interval among a population divided by the size of the midinterval population. table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. 0 votes. Good synonyms? Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. x-axis the horizontal axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the independent variable (e.g., time). prevalence rates. The number of deaths in a specified population, usually expressed per 100,000 population over a given period, usually 1 year. logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. measure of dispersion see measure of spread. Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). Synonym: Retina Degeneration. 2. . Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. APA: Classic Thesaurus. 10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. That is to say, inflection, injection, infectious, infect. Global daily statistics. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. cancer rates. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. ratio the relative size of two quantities, calculated by dividing one quantity by the other. rates of prevalence. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. The comparison group provides an estimate of the background or expected incidence of disease (in a cohort study) or exposure (in a case-control study). cause, necessary a factor that must be present for a disease or other health problem to occur. study, case-control an observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with a certain disease, chronic condition, or type of injury (case-patients) and a group of persons without the health problem (control subjects) and compares differences in exposures, behaviors, and other characteristics to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. is that data on the average age of infection is very easily obtainable, even if not all cases of the disease are reported. Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. the population is growing at an alarming rate, he is the least appealing, to me at any rate, I don't know what happened, at any rate she didn't turn up, there is a reduced rate for children under 12. how do you rate his performance on a scale of one to ten? sporadic an event that occurs infrequently and irregularly. Solve Now. (2) A system for early detection of outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators, particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Incidence rate is calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided either by the average population (usually mid-period) or by the cumulative person-time the population was at risk. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. Epitomizing this problem is the Staphylococcus . bias a systematic deviation of results or inferences from the truth or processes leading to such systematic deviation; any systematic tendency in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth. (-0001). {\displaystyle \beta } The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. years of potential life lost (YPLL) a measure of the impact of premature death on a population, calculated as the sum of the differences between a predetermined minimally acceptable age (e.g., 65 years or current life expectancy) and the age at death for everyone who died earlier than that age. ; the effective transmission rate. bar chart a visual display in which each category of a variable is represented by a bar or column bar charts are used to illustrate variations in size among categories. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each community and then follows the communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to the rest of the world? map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. medical surveillance see surveillance, medical. variable, continuous a variable that has the potential for having an infinite number of values along a continuum (e.g., height and weight). Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. One of the many measures is the closure of schools which concomitantly implied that other innovative strategies to the delivery of subject matter to students while they remain at home be employed in order to . variable (or data), discrete a variable that is limited to a finite number of values; data for such a variable. The rate of utilization of energy. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. percentile a set of cut points used to divide a distribution or a set of ranked data into 100 parts of equal area with each interval between the points containing 1/100 or 1% of the observations. clinical disease a disease that has been manifested by its symptoms and features. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Typically, for a case to be confirmed, a person must have a positive result from laboratory tests. The number of maternal deaths in 1 year from puerperal causes (such as those associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium) within 42 days after delivery divided by the number of live births in that same year. applied epidemiology see epidemiology, applied. Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as more localized, or the term less likely to evoke public panic (see also epidemic). PPE PPE Stands for personal protective equipment. infection rates. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. trend, secular changes occurring over a substantial period, generally years or decades. outbreak, propagated an outbreak that spreads from person to person rather than from a common source. The number of stillbirths (in which the gestation period was 28 weeks or more) in the first 7 days of life divided by the number of live births plus stillbirths in the same year. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. In this test the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood is measured. individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). hypothesis, alternative the supposition that an exposure is associated with the health condition under study. Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. antonyms. field epidemiology see epidemiology, field. standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. retrospective study see study, retrospective. However, bar chart, deviation a bar chart displaying either positive or negative differences from a baseline. mean, arithmetic the measure of central location, commonly called the average, calculated by adding all the values in a group of measurements and dividing by the number of values in the group. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. Of the multiple ways to define central tendency, the most common are the mean, median, and mode. midrange the halfway point, or midpoint, in a set of observations. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way (see also outbreak). The graphic states that new HIV infections fell 8% from 2015 to 2019, after a period of general stability. proportion a ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator; the ratio of a part to the whole, expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g., 0 2), a fraction (1/5), or a percentage (20%). healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. The class intervals of the variable are grouped on a linear scale on the horizontal axis, and the class frequencies are grouped on the vertical axis. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. Securing a medical care provision system. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . period prevalence see prevalence, period. specificity the ability or a test, case definition, or surveillance system to exclude persons without the health condition of interest; the proportion of persons without a health condition that are correctly identified as such by a screening test, case definition, or surveillance system. The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. cluster an aggregation of cases of a disease, injury, or other health condition (particularly cancer and birth defects) in a circumscribed area during a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected (often the expected number is not known). control in a case-control study, a member of the group of persons without the health problem under study (see also comparison group and study, case-control). The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. case-control study see study, case-control. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted Some types of HPV infection cause warts, and some can cause different types of cancer. contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. {\displaystyle \lambda } 3. In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. ) is therefore box plot a visual display that summarizes data by using a box and whiskers format to indicate the minimum and maximum values (ends of the whiskers), interquartile range (length of the box), and median (line through the box). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. Measures of spread used in epidemiology include the interquartile range, variance, and the standard deviation. However, it is not clear what rate of variation is consistent with ongoing replication in small sanctuary sites. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. continuous variable see variable, continuous. isolation the separation of infected persons to prevent transmission to susceptible ones. {\displaystyle A} {\displaystyle \lambda } Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). Log in. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. dot plot a visual display of the specific data points of a variable. denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. Synonyms for 'Rate of infection'. mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. All rights reserved. Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). . notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. On this page you will find all the synonyms for the word to infection rate. contingency table a two-variable table of cross-tabulated data. mode the most frequently occurring value in a set of observations (see also measure of central location). Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. line listing a type of epidemiologic database, organized similar to a spreadsheet with rows and columns in which information from cases or patients are listed each column represents a variable, and each row represents an individual case or patient.

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