why was henry vii called the winter king

Por equipe MyChat, 19 de abril de 2023

His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. Omissions? He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. So 4 stars. [30] Before departing for London, Henry sent Robert Willoughby to Sheriff Hutton in Yorkshire, to arrest Warwick and take him to the Tower of London. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. ||sitemap_index.xml He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. 1509. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. For example, they could replace suspect jurors in accordance with the 1495 act preventing the corruption of juries. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". "King Henry VII" redirects here. There were some sections I had to skim because I didn't feel they were relevant to the storyline, but mostly I was hooked into this very complex King. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. Henry VIII Books livestream YouTube 18 February 2023, February 13 A queen and her lady-in-waiting are beheaded. Up to a point, he succeeded. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. 4. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. An easy read? Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. I would read more by this author. These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Henry VII is also known as Henry Tudor. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. 3.5 Stars. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. Happy St Davids Day! This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. Watch for $0.00 with Prime. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale. He made huge gobs of money binding his subjects to him with loyalty bonds. I have to admit to being a history geek. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Get help and learn more about the design. This was excellent. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. The Great Debasement - Wikipedia Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. ), The Reign of Henry VII. On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Martin Luther 95 thesis. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. Thank you for subscribing. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). Watch with Prime Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. [15], By 1483, Henry's mother was actively promoting him as an alternative to Richard III, despite her being married to Lord Stanley, a Yorkist. I really enjoyed it. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty.

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